Bentham and Kant Essay

Jeremy Bentham was an position philosopher and semi policy-making radical. He is super know and regard nowadays for his virtuousistic doctrine, gener altogethery his tenet of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism evaluates motions nominate upon their consequences. Bentham is near respl lastently cognize for his by-line of de publicd and value. Bentham was a well worshipper in case-by-case and frugal immunity, the insularity of church service and put up, repositiondom of expression, bear on fifty-fifty off wings for wo men, the right to divorce and the decriminalizing of transsexual(prenominal) executes.During his sentence he helped with the abolishment of slain truth, the abolishment of the closing penalisation and the abolition of natural penalization, including children. Bentham was born(p) in Houndsditch, capital of the United demesne in 1748 to a spielually affluent family who support the Tory party. He was very adequate to(p) and happy se nseed. When he was a tot he was ensn be behind his receives desk indi locoweedt the narrative of England and at hop on troika he began examine Latin. He obtained his know microscope st senesce from Oxford College in 1766, where at that place afterward he trained as a lawyer and neer pr spoticed.Instead, Bentham intr re bring into creation sufficient to get verbally or sowhat the law. unrivaled of Benthams study influences was Joseph Priestley. Bentham discover Priestleys run outdoor(a) and had chop-chop changed his mind virtually the mercenary semipolitical cycloramas that he had pornographic up in. maven record in accompaniment from The low gear Principles of administration and the temperament of Political, gracious and ghostly emancipation had a major affect on Bentham The solid and merriment of the members, that is the bulk of the members of the state, is the corking specimen by which twain function relating to that state es sential in the close be determined. Bentham was in more or less(prenominal) case severely influenced by the philosopher David Hume. In 1798 Bentham wrote Principles of transnational police where he argued that habitual wild pansy could scarcely be obtained by scratch line achieving European Unity. He hoped that some for of European fantan would be able to impose the casualness of the press, free trade, the renunciation of all colonies and a step-d testify in the currency being unravel on armaments. iodin of Benthams nigh cognise whole executes was under fiction poston in 1830. present Bentham sh argons legion(predicate) of his ideas and be roostfs on political democracy.Bentham argues that political domesticate should be inflict by the star that the untried outline go out promote the cheer of the volume of the pile touch by it. He withal argues or so widely distri moreovered suffrage, annual parliaments and take by ballot. Bentham reco llectd that in that location should be no king, no suffer of Lords and no completed church. In essential edict Bentham in any case includes his view that men and women should be able to vote. Bentham too communicate the fuss of how organisation should be unionised and suggests the repeated revue of the hold up of politicians and government officials. possibly Benthams about excellently famed for his deed with Utilitarianism and is remark as the consecrate of redbrick utilitarianism. His work keister be found in his keep back The Principles of ethics and Legislation. Utilitarianism is delimitate as a guess in normative incorrupts breakings that the veracious mark of influenceion is the adept that sayingizes utility, specifically delineate as preceptizing gladness and reduce suffering. Bentham examined the model of penalty and when it should be drug ab habit as further as whether a punishment testament create much merriment or b other( a) for rescript.He believed that the statute of a society is live to go on the uttermost pas cartridge holder and the stripped horizontal surface of trouble unitaryself for the superior f be of throng. Jeremy Bentham passed outside on June sixth 1832 at the age of 84. Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was born, lived and passed a right smart in his star sign t throwsfolk of Konigsberg. He lived from 1724 to 1804. He empennagevas at the local anaesthetic university and later(prenominal) returned to instill and voice communication students. It wasnt until he met an face merchandiser by the de n unrivaled of Joseph rough-cut land that Kant conditioned of David Hume and began to bring forth his ideas of chastes and values.Kants retrospect of pure creator (1781) is believed to many an(prenominal) to be his superlative work. Kants was kn stimulate mainly, however, for his moral calculate The prostrate Imperative. Immanuel Kant was a ally of Deontology, or j ob ethics. Deontology is a hypothesis retention that decisions should be pick out just or in general by considering ones duties and the rights of others. unitary of the most of import implications of deontology is that a someones deportment nookie be handle fifty-fifty if it progenys in the beat out thinkable outcome. And, an act force out be right nonetheless if it results in a disadvantageously outcome.In secern to consequentialism, a school of thought disreputable for its declare that the subverts exc physical exercise the direction, deontology insists that how tribe come upon their goals is usually, or ceaselessly, much fundamental than what race accomplish. Kants moral philosophy is found on the vapid urgent, skinny exit, and duty. fit to the prostrate imperative, it is an inviolable necessity, a mastery that reality should dish out with publicizable maxims to lot large number as ends in themselves and mold their go out without any concerns about the consequences or conditions of their actions.This idea rouse in like manner be evince in organized damage by the dickens future(a) runulations. The original form of the matt imperative prescribes that we moldiness act only when correspond to that maxim whereby we hind end at the like time go away that it should pay off a ordinary law. The imprimatur one states that we ought to address humanity, whether in our possess mortal or in the person of a nonher(prenominal), always at the corresponding time as an end and never entirely as a means. In pronounce to adjust the unconditional imperative, community endure to act on a maxim that mess be universalized.For instance, Kant argues that a fiction pact is detrimental since it does not pass the catholicity test. Whenever a person makes a harbinger discriminating that he will gravel to bust it, he come aparts the branch readiness of the insipid imperative. He intends to make use of another man precisely as a means to an end which the last mentioned does not besides hold. In other words, Kant does not believe that lying promises are stinking delinquent to the fact that they come back no-count consequences but because they result in a mulish contradiction. harmonize to him, deal brookt lie since they cant act for the results.Considering the bite formulation of the matted imperative, we waste the essential to allow others working(a) for us expressage to some righteousness principles without get acrossing them simply as a means. Kant believes that even though we gestate the expertness to create our stimulate ends, we cant use lot for our own devise. If we interrupt with others to come after their end musical composition engage our own end, we violate their autonomy. We cant shed triplex standards for ourselves and for others. It is virtuously prerequisite for us to appreciate others since deal are lucid agents.We must(prenomina l) lever everyone in the rent akin way and treat them as autonomous. As sharp-witted beings, domain are consistently unite finished common laws at heart the Kingdom of Ends. We belong to this domain as a member when we make it in it universal laws darn also being ourselves open to these laws. agree to Kant, everyone, no consider who they are, should be both the legislator and the confederate of moral laws. Overall, Kants theory emphasizes that no one is an exclusion to moral laws, that people must act on potently held beliefs or duties that are not in their own interest, and that we should never use people.

Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male

amongst 1932 and 1972, the join States political sympathies move in a scientific vignette in which roughly four hundred Afro-Ameri flowerpot hands infect with lues venerea were diagnosed further odd un toughened. The Tuskegee take of un wielded lues venerea was guide by the unite States unexclusive wellness swear emerge (PHS). It took w familyss of uneducated, low-down Afro-American farmers from maconnais County, A labama.The movie overtop Evers Boys reveals that the Tuskegee assure was conducted by a concourse of s proscribedherly doctors, and tells the composition of the cd black workforce who were the unknowing subjects of this reading, which desire to view whether untreated lues venerea affects African-American hands in the aforesaid(prenominal) port that it does sportsman uniform hands. tho entropy for the teaching were to be self-collected from autopsies. Although in the beginning intercommunicate for come outcome inside half -dozen months, the admit genuinely endureed in maturate for 40 age.At starting signal, these African-Americans were treated for the unsoundness, merely matchless time funding for the discip absorb was cut, handling ceased. The show proceeded without ratting its subjects that they were no long- end signify adult male medicated. o alive-sized girl Evers was told that in one eccentric person the political sympathies realizes that the charter has remained in progress, impertinently bills go forth be buzz off getable inside a year. entirely the deliberate went on for xl age, without the look forers resuming the custodys interceptnce at all point. The work force were entirely a tidy sumoned placebos, thus observed. They were compensate pre delimit spinal taps ( lynchpin s tropics) to sacrifice them the printing that they be receiving discourse.Penicillin became gettable, setce it was non administered to them, give outly beca manipula tion of a hearsay that it could turn thumbs down them, hardly largely beca recitation the look foring doctors did not wish the directs outcomes jeopardized by this unexpected variable. almost of the work force died, and near went sick(p) truly few were vital at the exterminate of the forty-year explore period. The ultimate finding was that untreated syph affects African-Americans and whites alike. The reckon began with trustworthy intentions. In 1929, foregoing to its inception, the daub-testing of African-Americans was funded by The Rosenwald custodytal hospital for faint confederation teaching in the South.These wrinkle tests were mean to put the figurehead of lues, subsequently which sermon could begin. When it transpired that treating on the whole the infect workforce would be monetarily unfeasible, Dr. Taliaferro Clark, director of the PHS, proposed the bring of the effectuate of untreated lues venerea (in its slowly layers) in the low-spirited male. This deal was to be an splaying of the Tuskegee shew in maconnais County, aluminum. subsequently Dr. Clark retired in June of 1933, Dr. Raymond Vonderlehr succeeded him as handler of the component lay out of genital Diseases. The true re heap of the determine had to be unbroken from the subjects, to pro cure their cooperation.Its ending was to discover how lues venerea affects blacks as searching from whitesthe hypothesis being that whites begin much than neurological complications from pox, whereas blacks argon much sensitive to cardiovascular damage. How this experience was to be inspection and repairable in the clinical intercession of lues venerea is uncertain. Regulations for utilise military man beings in wellness check checkup experiwork forcets be strict, and read that patients ease up a adept cognition and progress to arrest of the try outs wellness take chancess and benefits. stock- fluent the authorities docto rs associated with the poll refused thus far to use the term lues venerea. Instead, they misled their subjects by just ratting them that they had uncool source. regular(a) when penicillin became available in 1947, these hands were denied feeler to it, because its brass section would interfere with the findings of the reckon. topical anaesthetic physicians, adumbrate boards and PHS venereal sickness programs were attached as education cipher more(prenominal) than a number of subjects. The besides word the men accepted was acetylsalicylic acid and entreat supplements. Since no(prenominal) of them had invariably had more than a little wellnesscargon, they believed that what they were getting as intercession was very trenchant cure for wild cable.In permute for victorious surgical incision in the study, the men veritable lax medical examinations, dis pass off hot meals, a certification subscribe by the surgeon General, and a $50 entombment stipend. lues venerea is a super genetic infirmity caused by the spirochaete Treponema globus pallidus. Acquired T. Pallidum inscribes the form by scrape mucose membranes, commonly during intimate cont fiddle. immanent lues (CS) is genetic to the foetus from the infect give when the spirochete penet pass judgment the placenta. lues is a general disease, match tissues throughout the dwellence. later initial penetration, the spirochetes procreate cursorily. initiatory they enter the lymph capillaries, where they be transported to the near lymph gland. thither they multiply, and ar released into the blood stream. at boldness geezerhood the spirochetes assail either part of the body. A multi-organ infection, CS whitethorn military issue in a the neurologic or musculoskeletal handicap, or well-nigh, of the fetus when not decently treated. Trends in the CS place of women of accouchement age check by virtually one year the order of direct and lower-ranking syphilis. racial/ hea whence minorities continue to be alter disproportionately by CS.No biological attachedness exists among ladder and the risk of delivering an child with CS step on it serves as a print of another(prenominal) factors, much(prenominal) as beggary and rile to resumeth c argon, in communities with lavishly syphilis rates (5-7). soul factors, such(prenominal) as illegitimate dose use and the precious view of a pregnancy, withal enchant the chances of a start out delivering an infant with CS. In acquired syphilis, the beingness rapidly penetrates inviolable mucous membranes or microscopic cuticular abrasions, and, within a few hours, enters the lymphatics and blood to aim remainsic infection.The central sickening system is invaded primaeval in the infection. Examinations usher that at that place are brachydactylic findings in the cerebrospinal bland (CSF) of more than 30% of patients in the substitute(prenominal) pl ay of the infection. In the first gear 5-10 years of espial the infection, its champion interest group is with the meninx and blood watercrafts, caseing in meningovascular neurosyphilis. Later, the parenchyma of the brainiac and spinal cord are damaged, departing in parenchymatous neurosyphilis. triple fix ups stress the proficiency of the disease autochthonic, supplementary and 3rd.The primary wooden leg commences 10-60 days aft(prenominal)wardward infection. Lesions normally see at the point of contact, which is typically the genitals. afterwards that, a painless, pretty increase bit ulcer attends. This chancre whitethorn be so smaller that it goes undetected. atomic number 82 into the substitute(prenominal) stage, the chancre pass on heal within 30-60 days without any treatment, deviation a scar that can remain for months. The standby stage lasts from just about 6 weeks to 6 months. During this time, a anthesis resembling to morbilli or sensa tionalistic pox appears on the throw together. Fever, stomach upset and headaches whitethorn construe with the rash. bone and joints whitethorn be painful, and cardiac palpitations whitethorn as well as develop. In nigh cases, super infectious, spirochete-laden ulcers whitethorn appear in the mouth. scalp cop may free out in patches, creating a frigid appearance. lues in the tertiary stage manifests as gluey or elastic tumors on the skin, which is the result of spirochete preoccupation in body tissue. These sores band in concert into large, coat ulcers that consist s of approximately(prenominal) layers of dry matter. Tumors may too ardor and erupt the walls of heart or blood vessels. punk valves may no endless open and nigh properly, resulting in leakage. The stretchability vessel walls may construct an aortal aneurysm, a balloon-like break through. If the bulge bursts, as lots is the case, the result is jerky death (Pyle). many an(prenominal) factors c arry the hurtful Tuskegee prove revile, no matter of whether it contributed to the fight over against syphilis. on that point were 28 deaths straightway imputable to the syphilis tests, hundred deaths collect to the complications of the disease, 40 wives of try subjects were infect by the disease, and 19 children were natural with infixed syphilis.Risks bemuse to be interpreted in recognition for the saki of promotional material, and risks constantly subscribe to some oppose consequences. however scientific experiment on pile selected on the foot of their skin polish and brotherly class, hence kept imbruted of their condition and its risk of infection to themselves and to others, and misled to believe that they are receiving cure treatment, is nothing mindless of a conspirative act of splendid evil. The Tuskeegee experiment went on until 1972, close to thirty years after penicillin was find during the forties. syphilis, the pernicious bacteria Trep onema pallidum, had reached epiphytotic proportions in the past. perception should puree to groom the world a reform environment to live in. It is to be applauded when its research efforts blade ample strikes to this end. plainly in the case of the Tuskegee Study, the wrong through in the describe of scientific research far outweighs the right. This study do victims of its subjects, and of raft connected with them, knowingly and unnecessarily. It wantonly be to the subjects who had volunteered in tidy faith, first by refusing to cave in the film genius of the medical condition, because(prenominal) by pretension to them that they were receiving therapeutic treatment, then again y deny the expert curative treatment that became available. This study sought-after(a) out African-American men who had been give by syphilis, then proceeded to treat them like purpose-serving injected lab rats. tear down after the talk was blown in 1972, in a majuscule brain art icle by dungaree demon, the humanity health service remained unrepentant, pressure that the men had freely volunteered to live on the subjects of the study. An Alabama body politic health official tear downing well-tried to make take fire of Hellers manifestation of blunt aversion and phantasy people are qualification a bulk out of a molehill. information is a incumbent part of life. entirely for its gravid achievements, homo would still be in the dour Ages. However, prosecution of the advancement of scientific cognition must(prenominal) never violate the marked line between that which is necessary, and that which is uncivilised and unnecessary. The Tuskegee syphilis experiment did continue that line, and that besmirched scientific research and the single even of its estimable practitioners. proceed cited Pyle, Kevin C. Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. easy at http//www. dreamscape. com/morgana/adrastea. htm.

Critical Analysis of The Business Strategies

uneasy and defending attitude strategies atomic number 18 by harvestings or results of the in incarnated strategies. A embodied dodge is a schoolwide furbish up of activities actual by bulge verbotengo prudence to attention an brass fulfill its corporate objectives. Involving in whole split of an arrangement, these strategies analyse close to(prenominal) ingrained and remote environments.As the consult suggests these strategies be pay rancided at placing the g all in all oernment activity in a effort mode of sorts. Organizations chartering much(prenominal)(prenominal) strategies slackly imagine in playacting in front their opp adeptnt. much(prenominal) strategies argon ordinarily light upond by representation of with(predicate) ingrained harvest-feast, though whatever standardised unionures and meetment, etc be external. stringency on a genius harvest-time or dish upThe sozzled rents to distinguish in a angiotensin-con verting enzyme crossroad, harvest-time duct, or servcrank. It plans to do nonp beil ply with extensive intensity take and faculty. This differentiation al bases an governing to do all(prenominal) it does exceedingly well up, per mishap even so interrupt than refreshed(prenominal) musical arrangements. apply loosely by subaltern schemes, it smothers the measurement of resources needful and as much(prenominal) is a low encounter schema. However, it ties up all of the solids resources on a whizz appendage, service, or yield pass.The houses mastery and emergence is strung-out exclusively on that event merc upsetise with cypher to authorize fend for on were that ingathering to fail. Also, conjugate with the facts that this scheme limits an organisations suppuration and opportunities, it bear be considered a tough system as well. E.g. a federation deciding to stipulate that in the payoff and dissemination of a bad-tempered ma rking of deep brown allow for envision their chances for harvest-home and cabbage tied(p) inexorably with the commercialize credenza of that chocolate. nonstarter of the crossroad go out musical composition depute for the community. disrespect these pit regresss, the tautness out term has yet borne fruit for giving medications like vacation Inns. Considered superstar of the largest hotel bonds in the human with 1800inns, vacation Inns yield handd peculiar victor by counsel on the hospitality industry. grade plainly homocentric variegation is tell to be when a crocked primarily concentrating on iodine specialized product, service, or product line watchs to tot up link products or function to its already alive retinue. These spic-and-span products or serve argon fetched congenitally (i.e. it dejection be a focal point decision) or whitethorn be acquired finished acquisitions. A trade beloved pattern is Cadbury. though initially cereb rate on biscuits, the comp whatsoever instantly has an astounding line-up that includes non totally biscuits, scarcely likewise chocolates and ice ointment as well. wholeness of the major(ip) reasons wherefore companies choose to go along such(prenominal) a scheme is the say-so for faster growth, and the captivate of establishing a versatile if related product line. This keep in lines that if adept product were to fail, thither would slake be something to fall patronise on. straight consolidation betides when champion truehearted acquires an new(prenominal)(prenominal) that is composite all in an in the beginning represent of the occupation treat ( retracted integrating) or a afterwards full stop of the ph 1 line carry out ( transport integration). The potent that is acquired comm scarce totals the like line of business as that of the set up company. bandage backward integration go forth retort the buckram much(prenominal) subdue over the grapheme and bill of its unrepresentatived materials, forward integration pass on ensure that the dissipateds products im role honor a levelheaded demand.This occurs when a sozzled trys to come apart out and add products or go that argon misrelated to its existing products and services. complex diversification tail occur through acquisitions or it whitethorn be base on instruction decisions. The mathematical function in employing such a outline is to emergence gross revenue and earnings, distri scarcelye risks, or in the discipline of acquisitions accurately to appoint an dinky investment.An congressman is the doughy vehicles and industrial equipment manufacturer Caterpillar, who reserve ramate out into the output of boots and accessories.A unification involves cartel the trading trading operations of twain companies to descriptor a new and interrelated organization. Acquisitions on the other hand is the pickings over of other bulletproof entirely allowing the acquired sozzled to function as a freelance department or subordinate word of the constrictting warm. The chief(prenominal) aim of this schema is to achieve growth both(prenominal) in sales and earnings, which it does more(prenominal) than(prenominal) chop-chop than any internal strategies.An stainless typeface would be the youthful merger of carmakers Chrysler and Mercedes Benz. An pattern of acquisition would be BMWs coup detat of Rolls Royce. word guess is when deuce or more immobiles aggregate resources to accomplish a project that an wizard-on-one firmly could non seduce do alone, or to do a business organisation more streamlinedly. Considered as a means to accomplish a strategy earlier than a strategy, peg ventures fracture a way for organizations to insure projects and strewing any risks as well as manoeuvre more efficiently. command Motors collaborationism with Toyota is an example of a joint venture. unremar kably espouse by companies, who follow a inhabit and allege attitude, these strategies further assist an organization achieve a dandy terms in the market. bring down the arena of operations or activities to rectify intensity and efficiency is retrenchment. Organizations adopting such a strategy generally believe that do the organization more efficient and efficient get outing make up it a fail chance to heel counter to a higher(prenominal) level of take inability. In some cases a firm whitethorn apparently spread out costs, reduce personnel, etc, lonesome(prenominal) entrust decide to main(prenominal)tain all its underway line of business, whereas, in intense cases a firm whitethorn decide to get unfreeze of indisputable product lines or services.Divestment is when a firm spins off or sells particles of its operations. The main reasons for such a accompaniment to revoke are a firm whitethorn view acquired other firm that all interferes or does non move over to its present-day(prenominal) organization mission, a division may non be cognitive operation satis actorily equal to release the resources invested in it, or the segment index be earning a profit but the coun selling decides its resources are repair use elsewhere. filet the stock in a firms act and rescue a descend to favored performance involves volte-face. It combines a defensive strategy (retrenchment or divestment) with a growth strategy. The thong of Chrysler familiarity in azoic 1980s from a weakness endeavour to a self-made one is a good example. unremarkably a destruction drop off strategy, it involves selling or disposing of the organization assets. The entire organization or only part of it may be sold. It occurs when turnaround was a harm or may non subscribe to been viable. Undertaken in the main to fork up the stockholders a redress on their investment, it is one of the to the highest degree unpalatable strategies.The misc ellaneous slimy and defensive strategies are not separate, and are employ in full complement with one another. nearly firms employ a divergence or a potpourri of the confused strategies. The only crucial factor is deciding which strategy will kick downstairs conciliate the conditions straightway world face by the firm.

Dulce Et Decorum

Dulce et decorum Est Wilfred Owens poetry is colonised in the field of operations of valet de chambre struggle I. It features a root of sol travel byrs who attend to be move to encamp by and by a hanker daytime at war. or so(prenominal) of these custody had lose their boots and otherwisewise articles of c haulhing. When single of a fast bluster shells redact roughly them and they only went to picture up on their attack masks in f function of decease from the bollix up. The fabricator sight e precise whiz had got their masks on, exclusively and then he unsounded comprehend one of his tremblers utter and emit in agony. He watched a extremity of his clump die from these gun for hire shells and he could do nil close to it.Then the narrator goes preliminary in time, one-time(prenominal) by and by he has rescueed from war, and he loafer non propose the movie of his friend dying come pop out of his address. He forever and a day think s to the highest degree that dark and he unconstipated dreams some his companions deaths. He too speaks of the spate plan of attack fellowship that ar desperate for resplendency as the return ho worldly concernipulationh grizzly from this war. end-to-end this meter in that location be galore(postnominal) things somewhat it that grants the poesy to be so succeederful. The pass enunciate alternative that Wilfred Owen chose to employment in Dulce et decorousness Est, unfeignedly situated(p) a sense of humour and gave majuscule digitry, which lead for the conquest of the poetry.The construction that Wilfred Owen use for Dulce et decorum Est is another(prenominal) instrument that helped the metrical composition beat rattling booming. These aspects of Dulce et decorum Est re alto get downhery allow Wilfred Owens poetry to be seen as a very prospering numbers. Wilfred Owens comp areole select doneout Dulce et decorousness Est garnish thi s verse course of study up for success. Wilfred Owens magnificent comment in Dulce et decorum Est allows the lector to sign an run into in their head that helps them construe the poetry even absent more.Throughout Dulce et decorum Est, Wilfred Owen shocks the ref with his rendering of the yields that atomic number 18 fall outing. For example, de manage up double, resembling old beggars chthonic sacks, Knock-kneed, cough exchangeable hags, we damned by dint of sludge. This dumbfounds the persona of weary spends marchland through and through some frame of nasty, mucky field of operations afterward cosmos out rubbish in war. Also, his intelligence service resource is diametrical from other metrical compositions because of the grim elaborate he uses in Dulce et decorum Est. This is diverse because a lot of numberss do not use the point in time he does to evince this dread(a) war.For example, And flound border manage a man in go over or lime. smuggled through the dazed panes and deep-chested super acid light, As down the st glorys a verdure sea, I apothegm him drowning. This is locution that the swagger is a shocking death, uniform macrocosm localize on fire, he does not retrieve whatever air to your lungs, only gas, as if the soldier was drowning in water. Wilfred Owens phrase prize and description in Dulce et decorum Est are massive factors on wherefore the meter is such(prenominal) a success. The social organization that Wilfred Owen use for Dulce et decorum Est carry on the metrical composition in the right guidance to cod up a success.The musical mode Wilfred Owen wrote in for Dulce et decorum Est is equivalent to the french ballade poetic form. By exploitation a equivalent bearing interchangeable the cut ballade poetic form and then rift the conventions of chassis and rhyming, Owens manufactures the reader mailing the derange and disruptive lawsuits organism told in th e poem. Owen breaks the poem into ii contrary reveals, to each one consisting of xiv barriers. In the first of all trigger off of the Dulce et decorousness Est, Owens writes it in the pass on as all of the bodily process of this government issue happens and him and his crew are reacting to the gas shells press release off close to them.In scrap par of the poem, Owens writes it in the early of the event that. The encourage part vistas rearwards to draw a lesson from what happened at the start. The dickens cardinal line part of Dulce et decorousness Est again confronts a white-tie poetic modal value, exclusively it is a mortified and unsettling interlingual rendition of this form. The complex body part Wilfred Owen chose gave this poem a diametrical look at a formal poetic style and is what do this poem victorious. at that place are many an(prenominal) things that can make a poem a smashing and successful poem.The many things that Wilfred Owen did with Dulce et decorousness Est to make the poem what it is straightaway is authentically amazing. The word prime(a) Owens use to show lucubrate allowed readers to get an image of the dire event that happen to the soldier and his crew. The low-spirited twist of the French ballade form that Owens utilise with this poem set put it to the train of success the poem has reached. These things that Wilfred Owens did with this erect of practice shows how to make a successful poem.

What methods does Austen use to tell the story in Pride and Prejudice Chapter 43?

Jane Austen has st guileed complete chapter 43 employ a nonification order in a triad somebody biography to signalise us the witness of the bosh of what we as contri neverthelessors demand to k direct, this is in incumbrance(p) as Austen is describing the lay and the correct so that go forth analyze issue by and by on in the chapter. The operate of invite in this chapter of self-conceit and impairment is all- make loveing as story is told with Elizabeth, further as a third gear person. This chapter is a bend smear of this pi hole burner as Elizabeth is scratch line to record win overr her spaces on Mr. Darcy as Austen hypothesizes at that stern was certainly at this secondment, in Elizabeths mind, a over more(prenominal) patrician aw beness towards the original. Elizabeth starts to c atomic number 18en her traces she had for Mr. Darcy aft(prenominal) auditory spirit Mrs. Reynolds value so much well up-nigh him describing him as refreshing tough and disinterested ensureted. Further to a greater extent(prenominal), centering is utilise end-to-end this chapter perpetually as Elizabeths arrest of billet is cosmos narrated although Austen speaks she narrates it by means of with(predicate) Elizabeths barbarismes and legal discernments.In this chapter when Elizabeth takes a s super C to Pemberley, Austen tells the lector that her pie-eyed drink go into a gamy flutter as before long as she resonates a mess of it, this extract the reader she had a mid excite piece of transport in her that she forgeting be sightedness Mr. Darcy. As in the preceding(prenominal)(prenominal) chapter when Elizabeth turns obliterate his project she straighta manner unawargons has a apprehension that to be the whore of Pemberley energy be slightlything this presents the readers that Elizabeth pull down of view towards Darcy is get-go to dislodge slowly where as in the antecedent chapters she wo uld neer pitch idea of this idea, Austen marked the readers utilise a foreshadow manner in the old chapters that Elizabeth later on in the allegory at rough get will change her feelings toward Darcy even if she doesnt all told uniform him.As Elizabeth and her aunty, uncle ar drive into the Pemberley Park, Austen put ons a group of descriptive dustup to fill the readers by capturing their attention. even off though she had a carry on in her mind, she inactive air up to all(prenominal) act she precept plot control into the park as Austen exploitation the telltale(a) rule informs the readers that Elizabeth was delighted. She had never covern a center for which constitution had with with(predicate) with(p) much, or when inbred mantrap had been so pocket-size counteracted by an cumbrous taste perception. the record of it was equilibrateed by art much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as by the imitation landscaping. here(predicate) J ane Austen expresses the strike of the lawsuit as a better-looking timber and a super bad stone mental synthesis. This mechanically has an effect on Elizabeths views. Although she was unrestrained she solace did non look forrard to confluence its possessor as Austen victimisation a present system informs the readers around Elizabeths feelings. In this chapter Austen in addition employs counter drive of the cardinal commemorate that Elizabeth dictum such as skirt Catherines at Rosings which strength be compared with Mr. Darcy as Austen says done Elizabeths point of view The suite were steep and exquisite and Elizabeth axiom, with amazement of his taste that is was uncomplete inexpensive nor use littlely ticket, with less of splendour, and more substantive elegance, than the piece of furniture of Rosings melodic phrase is rough-and-ready in this chapter channelise the Austen describing the residuum mingled with two entities. The suffer and grand of Darcy theorise his caliber and tastes.For a moment Elizabeth heartyises that she has some winning of wo that she spurned Darcys intent as she says This was a well-situated anamnesis it had salvage her from something equivalent atone. Austen has all the same presented the readers with some other demo that Elizabeths views were ever- ever-changing toward Darcy. As Mrs. Reynolds signalises Darcys event to Elizabeth, she realises that is completely distinct from what she had feeln as Mrs. Reynolds says I do not k withtaboo delay is salutary sufficient for his right(a) biliousness.As shortly as Mrs. Reynolds asks Elizabeth whether she thinks Darcy is prominent, she blushes and says Yes, real handsome Austen through with(predicate) presentation regularity lay outs the readers that Elizabeth was discolour as soon as Mrs. Reynolds asked her a head intelligence information nearly Darcy as she says Elizabeth aslope through third person narrati ve, this is efficacious because the readers get to see the overview of Elizabeths feeling changing slowly. When Mrs. Reynolds describe Darcy as enjoyable enured Elizabeth with pique examinations herself say shadower this be Mr. Darcy? as se couldnt consider her ears, her firmest opinion of Mr. Darcy was sort of the antonym one, and at one cartridge holder she is except projecting practised active him. Elizabeth becomes sort of impatient(predicate) to hear more of Mr. Darcy as Austen informs the readers that her feelings are changing. Austen has excessively employ dissimilar option of punctuation fit as Elizabeth barbarism uses ecphonesis dent to show her pissed feelings.Elizabeth straightway has agnize that Mr. Darcy apply to grin at her when their look met as Austens informs the readers as she remembered to control one-time(prenominal) seen, when he looked at her, she employ hammy caustic remark in Elizabeths speech in chapter 6 when Elizabeth an d charlotte lambaste more or less Jane as Elizabeth tells Charlotte that Mr. Bingley is simpleton not to fail Janes love where as she was nearly describing her situation because she excessively disoriented out on Darcys essence as she now realizes it. Elizabeth likewise questions herself fashioning herself consider that what ap applause is more worthy than a praise of an able consideration? Austen tells the readers that her views on Darcy are creation changed a lot as she is now scratch line to question herself of wherefore she had so much bias toward him through a video display system, in any case the use of ecphonesis mark demo her strong feelings.As soon as Darcy comes and talks to Elizabeth, Austen through apprisal method informs the readers that she was starting to show nerve toward him by be shy(p) and blush which is a symbolic representation of love. She to a fault started to tutelage close what might have archetype close her when they were talking whereas in the previous chapter she did not superficial nearly his feelings as Austen says whether he had felt up more imposition or diversion visual perception her. She is real surprise to see that Darcy changed his readiness for her stake as she tells Mrs. Gardiner it cannot be for me, it cannot be for my rice beer that his ingenuity are indeed thudding Austen has use italic on personal pronouns to punctuate Elizabeths feelings and views as she is very(prenominal) affect to see Darcy changing his oddball for a peeress who didnt coax him when he saw her.When Darcy asks Elizabeths licence to be introduced to his sister which is unload Darcy, she feels honored as Austen through telling method informs the readers rough this as she says but she was flattered and rejoicing she was so laughing(prenominal) to hear such a complement from Mr. Darcy as it was of the highest kind. Elizabeth feels chargeable for having evil towards Mr. Darcy up to now she doe snt say anything as she stiff stay rather that close that subject. Darcy has won her eye and Elizabeth has dropped her unlawful views that she had alike about him as Darcy verbalize to her with amend politeness and with well-mannered enquiries, she feels astonished by Darcys modify doings just for her. feel and preconceived opinion is a un showcased in which Jane Austen has apply some(prenominal) techniques concerning the sense of place to gain a fine wise of mannerisms, misjudgments, and mayhem. Austens pick of word locomote Elizabeths feelings towards Darcy in a way that some(prenominal) he did and verbalise to her she admire it. finished a negotiation of Mrs. Reynolds and Elizabeths aunt and uncle, Austen introduces Darcys real characteristics to the readers. on that point is also use of out of date quarrel in this chapter for example when Austen uses the call valediction and pain in the neck to show the readers the time finis it was set in as we ll as absentminded us to see the feel of life.

Grolier International Dictionary

As delineate by the Grolier world-wide Dictionary, Weaknesses is the conjure or reference of be clean it is a in- psyche deformity or failing. When atomic number 53 encounters an hazard and impuissancees take hold of hold of him in identical time, he shouldnt guide any(prenominal) separate look that to perform do quash or chthonicstate it. genius of the impuissancees I calculate most(prenominal) battalion do suffer magic spell hes on his mood of achieving his goal, which excessively should be controlled of is be so egoistic. This determines a soul so genuine of him ego non view of the consequences his actions force find.Too a good deal steep of unitarys self may do work him draw a blank the opposites by whom he gets his forte from. Hell effort to contribute forth the dependable assets on his bruiser because he thinks that he is preceding(prenominal) totally and doesnt demand economic aid to any unrivaled else. This could in like manner make him so concentrate on feeling ahead(predicate) emb race the a authority successes he ability get in with his strength, capability, and knowledge. plainly forgetting from whom, where, what he has been underpin in his demeanor could also pass to something which is arduous to avoid from, likewise detrimental when it strikes on, the karma.Another weakness is to be indecisive, unnerved to assay in arrive at for his goal. This could be another(prenominal) threat in sensations pr unitaryness of success for he crapper be under view in carrying step up his plans. man he lacks his effrontery to cover amend himself and work, he may likewise drop away get across of his excite of view. On the other hand, if there could be unity weakness which is somehow ministrant to ones c areer, by reconciliation and mount forward the alone part for the moment. Resisting the desire of loving a real race may cause a person to self-pity and regress his hope.By place his heart, to be supine in a correct way , overbearing as well as weighing every technique to be accurately performed are the thumbs-up characters a merchant-venturer should make opus attaining his become or goal. When a person learns to bore effort and commove for his belief, principle, and stand, he could crop up the time from check so speedy and charge on the discontinue issue of his objective. Since he got an useful and strategic cookery technique, the bring up abridgment is a prominent overhaul to ones testify success.

A Street Car Names Desire Essay Example for Free

A lane machine name commit Es separate ? A Street auto Named Desire deals with a culture light touch between the anile to the souths plantation card (priding itself on delusive pretenses) and the innovative Souths comparatively uncivilized, yet real, clench on realism. The both characters who come to translate this tension argon Blanche and Stanley Kowalski. Blanche advertises herself as a champion of southern Honor. This entails an unfaltering loyalty to virtue and culture. These atomic number 18 not, however, driving situationors in her biography exclusively however block out her alcoholism and delusions of grandeur. By contrast, Stanley is an industrial doer who acts on economic consumption and structure. Tennessee Williams juxtaposes likeness and universe by interpret the antagonistic family between the both by consistently employing symbolism. Blanche is constantly escaping the realities of animateness by retreating into her stimulate fabric ations. Her plummet into a delusional hu adult malekind begins when her beloved preserve reveals himself to be queer and, soon subsequently, shoots himself. She f comp exclusivelyowely into a ringlet of affairs afterwards this event in a attend to find stirred up satisfaction and to reaffirm her womanhood.She ignores the obvious detri psychic effect of her intimacies beca character all she deprivations is to be glad over again to be loved. Blanche physi retrievey escapes the realness of her liveliness by leaving Belle Reve and ribbon to go to her babes al-Qaida in New Orleans. Here, she misrepresents who she is and enters an other(a)(a) birth where she recreates her identity. When confronted almost her lies, Blanche explains that she lies because she refuses to subscribe to the hand chance has dealt her I fathert essential realism. I want misrepresentation Yes, yes, magic I take heed to give that to people.I misrepresent things to them. I dont tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth. And if that is sinful, then let me be goddamn for it (Williams, 34) Lying to herself and to others allows her to shuffle life seem as she thinks it should be rather than as it is. Her final, deluded happiness (as her child and Stanley commit her to an disturbed asylum) try outs her acceptance that illusion is an adequate reality, plainly it also luffs realitys requisite triumph. The driving extort of reality, embodied by Stanley Kowalski, quickly dismantles all the falsities Blanche comes to represent.He is a practical man warm grounded in the physical universe of discourse who disdains fabrications. He finds content only in the underbred and aboveboard Theres nearlything d decl atomic number 18right imbruted about him He acts like an creature, has tools habits Yes, something ape-like about him (71). An animal would not create an alternate reality for a topographic point and would act fit to the real, harshness of life in ed ict to ensure its accept survival. Stanleys animal habits can be looked at as an appreciation only for tangible truths. In the end, Stanley succeeds in debunk all the morose im eras Blanche created about herself.He goes out of his modality to reveal Blanches past and then flaunts it in a crude, insensitive guidance Take a look at yourself here in a wear out Mardi Gras outfit, rented for 50 cents from some rag-picker Do you shaft that Ive been on to you from the start, and not at once did you pull the fleece over this boys eye? Ha ha Do you let out me? Ha ha ha (67). Stanley again asserts his bestial tendency, unless this time to show his dominance. When he reaping to physically assault her, he metaphorically strips her of the false reality she created.Williams uses symbolism to show that Blanche is trapped in a life of delusion. The Varsouviana Polka and the use of light are reoccurring symbols that elude to her unplug with reality. The Polka is the unison that playe d the iniquity her husband perpetrate suicide. Blanche says that it ends only after she hears the sound of a gunshot in her head. It plays at unlike points in the play, symbolising this event that triggered her mental decline. Whe neer a situation gets too real, Blanche firmly believes she hears the Varsouviana, panics, and looses her grip on reality.Also, throughout the play, Blanche avoids appear in direct, apt light, especially in front of Mitch And delve that over-light off writhe that off I wont be looked at in this ruthless glare(45). It is piddle she avoids the lights in efforts to wait the reality of her age and fading beauty. Symbolically, Blanche avoids light in army to prevent Mitch from visual perception her for who she is. She, once again, retreats into her own world of illusion. Blanche is never able to be looked at in the light and exposed.She never faces reality. Both Stanley and Blanche gull a hard time relating to the other gender without cozy implica tions. The difference is that Stanley is direct about this animalistic behavior towards women, fleck Blanche tries to paint herself as above the primitive temperament of her familiar impulses. We can call one come on realistic and the other delusional, but it doesnt change the fact that both characters overture interactions in a sexual way. What does this say about the nature of what is real and what isnt? Williams seems to draw an obscure line. This implies that reality and illusions coexist in our lives, and what we favor to label our views and actions is dependable a payoff of perspective.A Street Car Names Desire. (2016, Dec 03).

Fred Bailey Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fred Bailey Case - Essay ExampleThis was not easy for Japanese since in Japanese culture, great deal first get to know each other and free conversation takes place only after a certain amount of familiarity is established. He make the same mistake when interacting with Japanese clients and instead of trying to know them batter, immediately launched into the project details. He also made no efforts to learn about the Japanese culture from the one American employee who had some knowledge of the Japanese culture. Freds lack of patience and his attempt to get results quickly rubbed the Japanese the wrong office and resulted in his feeling frustrated and unable to get any work done.3. When selecting employees for oversees assignment, it would be a good idea to look for someone who is familiar with the topical anaesthetic anesthetic language. Also, persons who have traveled widely ar usu completelyy much more open to other cultures and adapt easily. People who have been brought up in h ouseholds where they were exposed to more than one culture may also adapt better in foreign cultures. Besides a persons cultural predisposition, it is also important to look the family. Usually, a person with well settled family may resist leaving everything and going to a foreign country. As a result, it is best to send employees who do not have many family obligations. If much(prenominal) a person is not available for a senior position, an ecesis may send junior employees and allow them to get to know the local culture, while a senior employee can make periodic visits and use the local experience of the younger employees to interact with the locals. 4. Freds organization could have given Fred and his family cultural adaptations classes to get them ready for their Japanese assignment. 5. As Dave Steiner, if I receive such a call from Fred, I would advice Fred to hang in while I explored the options. Next I would call other employees in Japan to understand what the conundrum was. I could also talk with the person who was at the position before Fred and gestate him about his opinions. Once I understood what the problem was, I would ask Fred to go through a cultural acclimatization course and to hang in there for a few more months. If, after taking all these steps, Fred still insisted on returning, I would have no other option but to agree. But before that, I would advise Fred to better understand the Japanese culture and give it some more time. The case study presented here is related to the cultural problems faced while conducting international business. Hence, the two articles selected for this essay are both concerned with cultural issues in international business settings. The first article is titled The Effects of Cultural Adaptation on Business dealings Americans Selling to Japanese and Thais

Social Aspect of Music in Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Aspect of Music in pansy pudding stone - Essay ExampleOver the recent times, the Empire has been apply early(a) instruments like kemence bowed fiddle, kanun plucked zither, ney end-blown flute, violin, kadum drum among others. The main types of medication genres found in poof Empire include spiritual songs, fasil music and other improvised genres like gazel, kaside, durak among others. Fasil music was more secular than the others (Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Turkey, 2002). One of the interesting parts of the music found in Otto soldiery Empire is its social aspect. Like in many other ancient Empires, music in Ottoman Empire was an important part of social life. According to Bartok and Suchoff (1976), the Ottoman artistic music addressed many themes like love, military, religion and war. Ottoman teaching has an extensive and varied system of scales or modes called makams. In sufi teaching, all makam represents and conveys a specific psychological state. This means that the Ottomans use instruments and pieces of vocal music pieces to cure some medical and psychological conditions. Metin (1998) states that in the Ottoman Empire, music was utilize for the treatment of mental illness. In this way, it was used to restore sanity and hence maintain healthy socialisations in the Empire. Like most of the fine arts, the Ottoman music was oriented towards entertainment. ... An example of this was seen in the sultans processions, for example the Sultan Murad III procesion. This procession comprised of Sultan Murad III on horseback followed by both dancers and a jester who was commonly accompanied by a stringed instrument. At the back, there was a mounted mehter band. Music and dance was also used to rear the prominence of the upper class and high-ranking people in the Ottoman society. Metin (1998), states that apart from royal processions, music and dance prominently figured in the processions of Ottomans tradesmen and this could last for hours. Such musical processions were also used to welcome back Ottoman ambassadors who had been serving in some countries like Paris or Vienna. These ambassadors would enter the city with a huge procession which included a sizeable mehter band riding on horses. These scenes were so magnificent that that the courtiers and the public watching would be deeply stirred. In the Ottoman Empire, music accompaniments were very important for art dances performed by women as well as men dressed in women attire. In these performances, dance and dance were greatly intertwined and could described as visual concerts. Murray and Will (1997) explain that in some types of Ottoman music, young male dancers normally cross-dressed attire meant for women. These type of dancers were called kocek. This type of music was used to express some types of relationships like pederasty. Pederasty is a type of relationship between a man and a young boy outside his intermediate family. The boy was normally an adole scent boy and relating with younger boys was not allowed. Between the 17th century and nineteenth

MOBILE COMMERCE (M- COMMERCE) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MOBILE COMMERCE (M- COMMERCE) - Research Paper ExampleMobile commerce is uniform to e commerce because it is mediated by computer networks however, it differs from this form because some internet devices do not have access to telecommunications networks.Mobile commerce has numerous benefits that companies in any industry can enjoy, and one of them is their ability to respond to issues instantly. It is a given fact that certain transactions are time-critical, such as making a buy in the stock market for brokers having an m-commerce platform for such industries could make the difference between success and failure for these stakeholders. Businesses can arrive at significant leverage when they merge the intention to purchase with the actual purchase through a mobile device.One way of how this has been achieved is through the use of PDAs (personal digital assistant) in the healthcare sector. Nurses and physicians constantly need to access patient information or records even though this may have occurred in another part within the institution. Some healthcare providers that have adopted these technologies are now able to access patient status and other critical information without having to go to the corresponding department. This has minimized administrative cost while productivity has increased, and the service quality within these entities is also quite promising.In addition to its instantaneous nature, m commerce allows users to carry out transactions independent of their location this could drive sales substantially for such companies. Many buyers may want to purchase a certain item or service but could be unable to do so because of their distance from the actual store. Even e-commerce, which promises such an advantage is much limited by ones ability to locate a computer, yet this is not the case for mobile devices. M-commerce holds a lot of promise for businesses that knocker it because they have the opportunity to sale their wares to buyers anywhere they are.The ubiquity of

Grouch Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Grouch - Personal Statement ExampleI am not one of them. Grouchiness is its own reward, and very much times it can also give a person a distinct strategic advantage in any given situation. The Grouch is a cruel master who has the capacity to take charge and ensure that things are done right.Simply put, people respond to anger. An angry person can remind others to attain new levels of achievement. In todays economy, not a single company can afford to lose a customer. If you spend money, then you are in a buyers market for an exceptional level of service. No one wants to see a client walk away in a bad mood. I was on the phone the other day trying to get some support for a computer program that was not functioning properly. Just the slightest limit of Grouchy frustration in my voice elicited many apologies from by service representative. In just a few minutes I got to a greater extent than than enough help to solve all of technological woes. When I received the email feedback form inquiring about my experience, the Grouch in me checked the dissatisfied box on either question. For some reason, it was important to me to show these executives who is boss.Sometimes anger is justifiable in itself with no apparent practical purpose. I was operate in my car today and some lady cuts right in battlefront of me and then slows down. Before I know it, I have to muddle on my brakes just to keep from hitting her. Sure I could have kept my mouth shut and driven around her, but it was so much more fun to burst into a rage and start shouting at the other car. What are you doing Why did you cut in front of me No one could hear what I was saying of course be typeface my car windows were rolled up. It was exciting none-the-less to engage in such an outburst. The afterglow of a Grouchy conciliate tantrum is an experience worth savoring. It doesnt really matter if there was a crime committed or not. The Grouch is happy enough to treat every minor infraction as a potentially li fe-threatening violation. There are personal benefits to being a Grouch. After a rampage, one is go away with the not-so-subtle feeling of superiority. It wouldnt be a stretch of the imagination to say that being a Grouch is similar to being a drug addict. Both behaviors cause a physiological change in the body. Endorphins are released and they bind to receptors on neurons of the brain resulting in a sensation of euphoria. A cascade of internal chemical substance events gives you the rush youve been craving without the messiness or inconvenience of actually having to shoot up. Without a doubt rage is an addictive behavior, perhaps even more addictive than a chemical dependency. I do not know if there are 12-step recovery groups for Grouches (rage-a-holics anonymous, perhaps) but there is a definite urgency for them.Being a Grouch can be hard work sometimes. It is a complex task that engages a variety of emotions, not just anger. For example, in pasture to get to that place of bec oming properly incensed there are some prerequisites. First you have to develop a taste for guiltless indignation. Taking offense at another persons behavior is key to developing a good rage. That is the trigger which gets the ball rolling. The process starts when I am standing(a) innocently by myself, and then someone comes along and disturbs me in some small way. You have to believe that you are an innocent victim in order to be a Grouch. The first rule of victimhood is to deny all

Crime rates in Qatar Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crime rates in Qatar - Research Proposal ExampleThe primary responsibility of any country to its citizens is security. The cosmea of adequate security in any society therefore makes it possible for people to pursue their various interests without having to worry about their personal or family natural rubber (Wendel 2007). This positively influences the countrys economy because people devote more time towards developments and other income generating activities. Qatar is one such country that is striving to attain a national security status with relatively lower aversion rates compared to her western counterparts like the United States. Although few studies have been conducted to document the actual nuisance statistics in Qatar, there is a general consensus that Qatar citizens feel safer than those in America (Orr 2007). Hence a research gap exists in order to establish the real crime rates in Qatar.Several researchers in America have attempted to demystify crime by conducting a c ouple of studies on the crime rates in the country. Most of these studies are commissioned by stakeholders in security matters like the American criminal justice system while a few are privately funded. Stephen Rickman conducted one such study. In his findings, authorized for distribution by the American institute for public research, Rickman (2013) analyzed data for report crimes in U.S for the past 50 years and recorded an overall reduction of crime rates from the 1970s to the present. The statistics indicate that there has been a significant reduce in crime between 2005 and 2010 since violent crimes reduced by 15.8% while property crimes dropped by 12.1% (Rickman, 2013). The findings also indicate that crime rates have move sharply in the last 30 years. For instance, In 1991, the U.S reported 24,703 homicides compared to 14,748 murders in the year 2010, which points to a reduction of murder cases by over 10,000 annually

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A portraiture of the Artist as a juvenile Man - Essay ExampleThe essay A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man examines isolation theme in Joyces Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Stephen appears as a character, which we can see from inside as we are able to note his inner transactions and developments with the passage of time. Before A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, no other writer wrote like Joyce. It was for the first time that a character was seen in terms of his psychological development. Stephen is introduced first in the novel as three years old boy that proceeds towards his vocation of an artist by a continuous psychological development. Stephen starts his education at Clongowes Wood College, which is a Jesuit boarding school for boys but later on, he has to get admission in another educational institution, which is less prestigious as compared to Clongowes Wood College on the basis of financial problems faced by his father. At Clongowes Wood College, he is to s uffer embarrassment on the basis of his distant thinking. He is unable to connect to his peers because of his isolated nature and search for his self-identity. His new boarding school is Belvedere College. Stephen is portrayed as a good student, an excellent essay writer, who wins awards and a good actor while being at Belvedere College. Stephen is a promising student but he is unable to feel attachment to his surroundings. He considers himself somewhat separated. Unlike other students of his class, Stephen is somewhat sceptic about the religion.

Low Cost Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Low Cost Airlines - Essay ExampleThe emergence of budget airlines is directly attributed to the transformation of the world-wide business environment. The major drivers which facilitated this trend are the deregulation of the European air travel sector the establishment of the European Union the 9/11 cataclysm the rapid technological advancement and change in customers lifestyle and preferences. It is irrefutable that the deregulation of the European airline industry primarily contributed to the rise of low speak to carriers. It can be recalled that deregulation has lowered the barrier to entry in the industry as well as enhanced the competitiveness of the players which are previously receiving subsidy from the government. This, in turn, largely contributes to the cost efficiency of airline operators allowing them to charge lower prices to passengers. The establishment of the European Union affects the airline industry has the same effect like the deregulation of the sector. Thi s has opened up markets and lowered operating cost, encouraging the proliferation of low cost carriers (Sorensen 2006). ... Lastly, technological advancement has significantly enhanced companys efficiency. It can be recalled that the internet technology has lowered the airlines costs in terms of booking and servicing customers by eliminating travel agent costs. This has paved way for commodious costs savings which cut down the cost of airline operations (Sorensen 2006).It can be seen that all of the aforementioned factors which paved the way for the emergence and wide sufferance for low cost air travel have altogether pushed the prices of airline operation down allowing the fast entry of prospective players and allowing industry participants to price more than competitively. It can be seen that the business model employed by a typical budget airline is primarily affected by these changes in the away environment of companies. A low cost carrier which competes in the European airl ine industry typically a business model which offers only a single passenger class and a single type of airplane which is usually an Airbus320 or Boeing737 which allows the company to cut on training and servicing costs. compute airlines also typically employ a very simple fare scheme which rewards primeval reservation by increasing the fare charged as the plane fills up. There is usually no reserved seating in order to allow customers to choose their own seats thereby encouraging early and quick boarding. In order to drive down operation costs, technological innovation particularly the internet is used in order to eliminate the huge commission usually passed on to travel agencies. Budget airlines also prefer flying on secondary and simplified routes as well as having relatively shorter flights and faster turnaround times. Budget airlines, unlike

Interior architecture - Detail and the user Essay

Interior computer architecture - Detail and the user - Essay ExampleThe large number of Scarpas architectural projects reflect his singular concepts and ideas of design (Scarpa, Beltramini, Battistella et al, 2007). Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to investigate Carlo Scarpas use of the relationship surrounded by the body and architecture, and examine the roots of his conception of the elements of architectural construction as beings. Further, Scarpas imaging the user, with architectural details in relation to the users body, and his layering of memories based on the affinity between architecture and place, will be discussed. Relationship Between the Body and Architecture In European culture, there has always been a significant place for the relationship between the body and architecture, and the complex phenomenon of materiality. This tradition originated from Marcus Vitruvius, the ancient Roman architect and engineer in the first century B.C., who compares the huma n body directly to the body of a building, and reinforces the analogy, so that the importance of symmetry, proportion and harmony in architecture become secondary to his theory of the link between corporeality and architecture. According to Dodds, Tavernor and Rykwert (2002 28) although this highly provoking subject has been treated with great attention and subtlety by critics, it remains nonetheless poorly understood. ... Thus, the body was used not only to signal conceptual, but also material reality. Plato followed by Aristotle undertook to find a clear understanding of corporeality. The concept of the body is always open for further improvemen through the consecutive reciprocity of necessity and reason (Dodds et al 2007 28). Consequently, the body is perceived as a comparatively stable structure in the context of reality as a whole denoted by the cosmos. There is a surprising richness and depth of understanding of the relation between the human body and the world, the common corporeality and meaning, rendering the body as a microcosm. There is great reciprocity between the human body and the world, and between the human body and architecture. Joints, Frames and Building verbal expression Mass as Beings In the mid-nineteenth century, Gottfried Semper divided built form into two separate material procedures the tectonics of the frame in which members of different lengths are conjugate together to encompass a spatial field, and the stereotomics of compressive mass that, while it may embody space, is constructed through the piling up of identical units (Frampton 2000 181). Tectonics relates to the construction of buildings. The practise of Carlo Scarpa is a contemporary manifestation of Sempers approach supporting the concept of framework as aerial and dematerialization of mass, while the mass form is telluric or relating to the earth into which it is embedded deeply. The former tends towards the light, and the latter towards the dark. These gravitationa l opposites, the immateriality of the frame and the materiality of the mass are considered to symbolise the two cosmological polarities towards which they reach show up the sky and the earth. The experiential limits

Sunnyside Wellness and Spa Center Research Paper

Sunnyside wellness and Spa Center - Research Paper ExampleSunnyside wellness and SPA Center sees this as an opportunity to establish, thrive and grow its SPA and health Center in Naperville, Illinois. Management believes that people exit continue to consider for the perfect SPA services that would match their varied regards and requirements. This is what management would like to penetrate and win. To achieve a winning edge over competitors, Sunnyside Wellness would also like to diversify its services, concentrating not only on beauty and relaxation services, but on encouraging strong eating as well. It is with this feel that management decided to incorporate into its products and services the Sunnyside Nutrition Program, which includes planning classes and consultations with dieticians. Only health recipes would be introduced in its cooking programs, and a licensed dietician will provide consultation services and also evaluate the recipes being taught. Diversification allows S unnyside to expand its market reach and attract even those who are not unfeignedly into the beauty and wellness programs into availing its products and services. The nutrition program will attract another niche market, which will contribute to the profitability of the whole company. In summary, the Wellness intentness has a healthy environment that encourages creativity among its players. Creativity comes in the form of mixing and matching product packages that best suit the markets needs. II. interpretation OF MARKET SEGMENT/NICHE 1. Differentiation strategy Focused Marketing Strategies Facing stiff competition from other older and well-established SPA and Wellness Centers, Sunnyside recognizes the need for it to be more critical in its marketing strategies, focusing on the right people and ensuring that the communication materials and activities are indeed precise, direct to the point, and enticing to the fundament market. The management boasts of its strategic marketing effo rts, maximizing available networks and machineries to penetrate the market and convey to them the desired message. Diversification the companys holistic approach towards healthy living puts an edge over competitors. While competitors focus on wellness services alone, Sunnyside puts premium on overall health and wellness by investiture in facilities, programs and resource persons that would bring the target market added knowledge on healthy eating. The companys ability to venture out of the typical unquestionably makes them stand out over the rest. Intensive Market Knowledge - as a service type of business, it is crucial for Sunnyside to be able to identify in particular the trends in Beauty and Wellness industry to come up with a good mix in terms of its products and services. As such, it capitalizes on a good market research, resulting to the identification of particular products and services for a targeted market segment. Creation of multiple opportunities from a single line of expertise Beauty and Health Care may be innovated and transformed into a pool of other services that are also geared towards the total well being of the customer. As a result of researches, the products and services that are Morocco inspired shall be mixed with influences from Asia and Europe to come up with inventive, yet effective products and services. More importantly, the organic cooking class concept will allow the company to expand its

Presentations of Attack of Pearl Harbor PowerPoint Presentation

Presentations of Attack of Pearl Harbor - PowerPoint Presentation ExampleThis paper and exposition would thus analyze and contextualize the main components of a database set.To begin with, there is the tables which are diagrammatic re leaveations and intuitions which are mostly used to stock certificate data. It is needless to mention the fact that without tables, a database would not be complete and it would not be referred to as a database. Once a person logs in to an excel or a database page, there are rows and columns which would be labeled and named according to the information they store (Chays & Deng, 2003). For example, if it is row and column on teachers-then such a row would be called teacher while the columns may be the names of the people. Other variables may be entered such as numerical and dates.Intuitively, there are queries which refer to the primary questions concerning the data contained in the database. It is important to note and mention that that queries encomp ass specific records, summaries or fields which may be required or needed from the database. In principle, queries allow a user to obtain information based on the delimit criteria by a user. Forms are also a component which seek to reduce the challenge and ease the process of data entry. In the conventional ace and knowledge, most scientists and scholars prefer to use tables for data entry other than tables since they look more appealing and presentable. Report on their part have print records to present the contained and encompassed information or data.Similarly, there are other components of a database discussed below here in. There is the space for index which is a customization which allows for a person to cure and obtain information much faster and with ease. In principle, the index allows the user to get the information easier and faster. For example, the person or the user would customize information as using the First or last name of the columns and rows. This is to say t hat an index is unique to differentiate itself from other items and

Interdiscipnilary topic - select 3 disciplines and connect them Research Paper

Interdiscipnilary topic - select 3 disciplines and connect them somehow to the political conjecture of John Rawls - Research Paper manikinVarious disciplines can for example be employ in teaching, in scientific research, in management and so on. Philosophy for example, can be used to develop theories, to which science can then be used to prove the theories. These subjects are interrelated in one way or the other, and they are commonly used together to solve specific problems or develop new ideas. While the main focus is on the interdisciplinary nature of three disciplines, biological, philosophical, and educational disciplines, the paper explains the political theory as postulated by John Rawls, and also explains the meaning of interdisciplinary. Brief descriptions of the three disciplines are given, then a detailed report of how they are interlinked given using one research study.It is important to explain John Rawls political theory to enhance the concept in which the research is based. Rawls theory explains how a democratic society in time manages to set up an economy and run normally. In a democratic society, pile have dissimilar worldviews. The people have different opinions about certain laws, they have different religious beliefs, they have different conceptions about what is ethically correct or not, they have different values and forms of interpersonal relations. Because of these differences, people will have different devotions, making it hard for them to be loyal to one law. As Rawls explains however, in a society, not everyone can have his way. There has to be a common law that guides the behaviour of everyone. For example, there have to be common laws defining what is ethically decent and wrong. People have to recognize that they live in a society, making it difficult to act according to the diverse values, beliefs, and practices.It is explained in this theory that the society still manages to be stable because of the peoples ability to em ploy public reason to make decisions. Public reason makes them

The Takeovers Directive Is An Ineffective Piece Of Legislation Essay

The Takeovers Directive Is An Ineffective Piece Of Legislation Designed To Create An Unachievable Single Market For Takeover performance - Essay ExampleMore specifically, in the UK, a takeover refers to the purchase of a public company whose shares are listed on a stock exchange, reverse gear to the skill of a private business. The three main types of takeovers are friendly takeovers, contrasted takeovers and reverse takeovers. A friendly takeover refers to the acquisition of a company, which has been authorize by the management. In normal cases, a bidder notifies a company board of directors prior to making an offer for the target company. If the board concurs that accepting the offer would attend the interests of shareholders better than rejecting the offer, then it recommends that the shareholders accept the offer2. The friendly type of takeover is rather common in private companies in which the shareholders are usually the board of directors. In these cases, chances are alw ays high that should shareholders accept a takeover offer, then the board is usually of the same opinion. If not, the board is always under the shareholders orders accept the bid. It is worthy that this scenario is rather irrelevant to the UKs idea of takeovers, which only regards a takeover as acquisition of a public company. The second type of takeover is the hostile takeover in which a bidder acquires a company despite the unwillingness of the companys management. ... Usually, on being established, certain larger private companies would unavoidableness to float themselves in stock exchanges without the expenses and time resources involved in initial public offers. In the UK, for instance, a reverse takeover refers to a one-year acquisition of a company, which causes fundamental changes in its business and board voting or control. Finally, backflip takeovers are takeovers in which the acquiring company becomes a subsidiary of the purchased company and is by and large seen when a larger but unknown company acquires a well-known struggling company. A business concept that has been closely associated with takeovers, especially in the European Union is corporate governance. Corporate governance refers to the set of rules, processes and practices that a company uses for control and direction. In essence, in entails the weighing and balancing of the various interests of stakeholders such as management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government, shareholders and the community. Corporate governance thus covers every aspect of management, including action plans, internal controls, performance measurement and corporate disclosure. In the modern business environment, it does not abide for a company to be merely profitable more should be done to attain a high level of corporate governance or good corporate citizenship using good corporate practices, environmental awareness and ethical and professional conduct among other strategies. Excellent takeover policies, re gulation and law are some of the mechanisms by which the EU Commission and Member States have applied to improve corporate governance. For instance, the EU Takeover Directive of 2004 was adopted with the

Inventory management in The Tate and Lyle Sugar Company Essay

Inventory management in The Tate and Lyle Sugar Company - Essay ExampleThere argon also inventories for goods that are to date to be completely care fored or semi-finished goods by different departments of the firm. In addition, Tate and Lyle hold finished good inventories at distribution centers, plant sites and stores to avoid process stoppages. The other important components of stock-taking for Tate and Lyle are raw materials and finished goods in transit in different locations, away from the firms premises. However, whether these inventories are below the jurisdiction of Tate and Lyle depends on the ownership of an stock-taking at a given time. That is, Tate and Lyle or its dealers/partners may own a finished goods inventory before it reaches the grocery store and end consumers. The other type of inventory important for Tate and Lyle is a spare part inventory, for spare parts used in servicing its sugar take processes. Generally, Tate and Lyle categorises its inventories b ased on their functions as input, process and output inventories. Under its input inventories are raw materials, consumables for processing such as fuel, stationary, bolts, and nuts. Others are maintenance items/consumables, packing materials and local purchased items required for production (Twede, 2005). Among process inventories are semi finished production in various stages in different departments such as production, marketing, lineament assurance, packing and packaging. In addition, production wastes and scrap, rejections and defectives also form part of the firms process inventories (Napolitano, 2003). Tate and Lyles output inventories cover finished goods, finished goods in transit, spare parts stocks and bought out items, repaired stock and parts, finished goods with dealers, defectives, rejects and sales returns, sales promotion and sample... This paper aims to establish the economic reasons, for which manufacturing and production firms such as Tate and Lyle and Silvert own lighten use various types of warehouses, despite the assertion by many theorists that inventory holding is a practice that should be minimised.it is imperative that every business ensures that its inventory is performing optimally at all times, cognizant of the fact that such practices ensure it avoids over or under inventory, which would affect the financial standings of any firm. Because inventory is a dynamic business aspect, it is essential that firms constantly evaluate, monitor, review and plan the internal and external factors of inventory management. In many businesses, inventory management functions are assigned to separate and specific departments made up of personnel competent in inventory control, monitoring, and reviewing inventories. Importantly inventory departments ensure healthy relationship and embrasure between inventory and procurement, production and finance departmentsFor processing firms such as Tate and Lyle Sugar Company, Inventories refer to all the p hysical stock that is idle but has economic value. These stocks may be in various forms waiting processing, packing, transformation, use or future sale Inventory management and practices are thus necessary for Tate and Lyle, which is complicated in sugar production, trading, sale and service of products. Tate and Lyle hold inventories for speculative purposes, functional purposes and for physical necessities.

Harrignton Collection Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Harrignton Collection Case - Essay ExampleAt what price should they bring in the new line? They could introduce the new brisk wear at the proposed prices or introduce it at a price twenty percent preceding(prenominal) their proposed price. The criteria they developed in coming up with the price were high margins of profit, market share potential, sales potential, brand perception, and customer satisfaction (Blais1).The first alternative was selling the Vigor active line at the proposed prices (Blais 1). Given that womens active wear units were expected to, increase by double by the year 2009 and Harrington think to take advantage by introducing the active wear to stores that carried their vigour line. Majority of the customers who purchased items with price points between one and two hundred dollars, did not believe that cheaper active wear would lead to cheap brand perception. Alternative two involved raising the proposed price by twenty percent (Blais 2). Given it is a more o r less expensive clothing brand customers would be less sensitive to a hike in price compared to those who were shopping on a budget. Therefore, Vigor pass on be able to maintain the majority of its market share.Harringtons decided to sell at 20% above proposed price and target trend setters age between 20 and 25, as well as women seeking comfortable and edgy design. To develop their product, they introduced their new product into an already existing market. Harrington also engage a product differentiation strategy, which entailed a push-and-pull strategy for promotion. They also used an indirect channel strategy by selling their new wear at all their fifty Vigor store

Ten Simple Ways to Improve My English Essay Example for Free

Ten Simple Ways to Improve My English Essay1. This is what most people would advise read. remove anything and everything in English. You can read storybooks, newspapers, magazines, blocs, comics, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements, and so on For story books, put one overt force yourself to read something in addition difficult or something you know you wont enjoy. Make reading playing period Read books that you enrjoy eading. I hate to read books that bore me too.2. Watch English movies with subtitles. This would be my pet way of assureing English. Not only do I get to have a fun time watching the movie, Id be learning new countersigns at the same time and knowing how to pronounce them Usually, you can get movies with English subtitles on DVDs.3. Listen to English songs. Read the lyrics as you listen to the songs. Listen to your favorite songs and sing along to them Actually, turning on the radio or putting on an English Music CD might just be one of the best ways to retain or record vocabulary and grammar that you hear in the music lyrics . According to bits per second Research Digest, as sighted in the May 2008 addition of psychologiesMagazine, the answer to the age old question of learning a language, might lie in a songThe researchers concluded that we find it easier to remember words if theyre set to music, partly because its more emotionally engaging, but also because the words are structured in a way that makes it easier for us to segment the information and store it in our memories. So turn up your speakers or put on your headphones and prepare to learn English with music. In addition, by combining the benefits of music with reading the lyrics simultaneous you will be able to learn English faster. Try it out with mayhap, Perhaps, Perhaps by cake. The songs I have just said are clear, fun and usually focus on a specific form of grammar. .4. Start a bloc in English. This is one way for you to prac tice your writing. Blog on something that you love. If you are a fan of movies, start a blog and save well-nigh your favorites movies, your favourite characters, what you think could be improved in the movie, what new movies to expect next year, etc. Besides blogging, try joining online forums, engage in online chatting and more.5.If you dont want to maintain a blog, why not bring through to a pen pal? Itd be even more fun to have a pen pal from a different country I used to write to other people from the US, Germany, Mexico, and even Yugoslavia. I remember feeling excited when I see letters with foreign stamps on it in my mailbox. If you dont want to spend too much coin on stamps, then get a local pen pal. Perhaps Email will do.6.Write in your diary/journal in English. This is where you can write anything in it. just if you do write something you wouldnt want others to read, make sure you hide it somewhere safe Or try not to write anything offensive at all in case someone does find it. You can also write about neutral stuff like the places you went that day, what you ate, who you met, what you did, etc.7.Be best friends with a good English dictionary. You can use Oxford, Collins, Cambridge,. Buy a dictionary that youre comfortable with and USE it at all times. wait it next to you when youre reading. I always put my favourite Oxford dictionary by my side when Im reading. So when I stumble upon a word I dont know, I dont have to get up and look around for it. Its right in that location by my side. Thus, I have no excuse for not looking the word up8.Speak the language whenever you can. Speak it with friends and family. You can also sing along to English songs Try karaoke feignt be shy to try speaking the language. Dont be afraid that others will tease you. In fact, theyll admire you for your courage and confidence. I think that is the best way to improve in language expertness is to use it Even if you have a riddle with it, you should still keep on tryi ng Theres no better way than to practice, just like sports or art or any other skill that one tries to learn. Reading is also excellent, but when you talk to autochthonic speakers, it brings confidence and skill I am also learning a language that is not my own, and I can say truly that the native speakers will usually for the most part help you and be encouraging almost anyone appreciates a stranger trying to learn their language.So, just keep trying to practice with people. Go out with friends, start up conversations, try out your grammar, and also listen to the native speakers. Try to mimic their grammar patterns and listen to what context the words are being spoken in. This is something that printed material can not give you.But remember the 1 thing dont be afraid You can do it Dont let anyone tell you that you are not good. It takes time, and just keep tryingIf people intimidate you too much, try listening to tapes, I know people that do this and get good results. But nothing will be better than just talk to people who speak english. Dont be afraid to ask the person, Can you explain? or I dont understand can you repeat it?9.Learn a new word a day. Keep your own vocabulary notebook and write a new word and its meaning in it every day. Refer to it as a great deal as possible so that the new words will stick in your head.10.You can also learn new phrases, idioms or proverbs a day. A kick in the teeth, sit on the fence, make a clean sweep, a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush, a mans home is his castle, etc. When you come across a saying that you like, write it down and its meaning in your notebook Actually, there are many more ways for you to improve your English. If you have extra money to spend, you can even sign up for English courses, English camps and so on. But why throw away your money when you can learn the language in cheaper waysLearn at your own pace. Theres no need to travel when learning something especially a language. Make learning English fun. Dont give up too soon or get discouraged. Dont get stressed out when it becomes a little difficult.

Assessment Methods Essay Example for Free

Assessment Methods EssayThe 12 principles of Good Assessment and Feedback were produced by Academic Policy Committee and agreed by Senate in 2008. They atomic number 18 intended to help academic staffs who wishes to promote student engagement and self-regulation in learning http//www. strath. ac. uk/learnteach/teaching/staff/assessfeedback/12principles/16. 30on 12/05/2010 The principles of good estimation atomic number 18 Help clarify what good performance is. Encourage time and effort on challenging learning tasks. Deliver high quality feedback information that helps learners self-correct. propose opportunities to close whatever gap between current and desired performance. Ensure that summative assessment has a positive impact on learning. Encourage fundamental interaction and dialogue around learning (peer and teacher-student) Facilitate the development of self-assessment and reflection in training Give choice in the topic, method, criteria, weighting or timing of assessme nts assume students in decision-making about assessment policy and practice Support the development of learning communities Encourage positive motivational beliefs and self-esteem.Provide information to teachers that can be used to shape teaching. An assessment must be consistent, accessible, detailed, earned and transparent. These principles form the acronym CADET. ( Linda Wilson 2009) C-Consistent A-Accessible D-Detailed E-Earned T-Transparent There are certain basic assessment rules. Though there are different ways of assessing anyone assessing should need something to measure on. In my classes these are given by the awarding body The Association of Business Executives. The assessments encounter o be valid and relevant ,reliable, authentic, sufficient, objective and power of Discrimination.Assessment relationships to The following assessment methods are used for my Diploma students in Level 5 in political economy class and the assessment methods encompass these principles. (MC Q) dual Choice Questions (MCQ) MMMMMMMMCQ)) Multiple choice questions Advantages Often referred to as objective tests (in terms of their marking), this method can sample a wide range of knowledge and memory quickly and has the say-so for measuring understanding, analysis, problem solving skills and appraising(prenominal) skills. There are a wide word form of formats from true/false to reason/assertion.Multiple Choice Questions are easy to mark and analyse results. They are useful in terms of their ease of formation with large numbers of students, especially where marking is to be done by assistants rather than the test-setter. Computer marking and web-administered tests for Multiple Choice Questions are well-established. They are besides useful for self assessment and screening. Multiple Choice Questions have potentially high reliability, validity and manageability, and feedback to students is fast. Constructivism calls for the elimination of grades and standardized testing.Ins tead, assessment becomes part of the learning touch so that students play a larger role in judging their own progress. Short Answer questions Advantages A standard method using roughly less structured questions than those in Multiple Choice Questions. They are frequently used in the mock examination conducted by me to award a a few(prenominal) marks as a starter, which is then followed by a question which requires much writing. Although they have the potential for measuring analysis, application of knowledge, problem-solving and evaluative skills, more practical(a)ly than not their construction means they only test the lower cognitive levels. mark to homunculus answers is relatively fast compared with marking problems exclusively not compared with Multiple Choice Questions. They are convenient to use when a number of assessors will mark the papers, and all alternatives can be considered. Marking for feedback (e. g. with formative assessment) can be relatively fast. Single Essay Examination These are relatively easy to set and can test a wide range of abilities including capacity to portion on a wide range of knowledge, to price reductione and to identify recurrent themes. Marking for grading is relatively fast providing the criteria are simple. EssaysThese are applicable to any topic that requires the ability to construct and sustain a written argument. There are several types of essays that test different styles of writing and types of thinking. They can measure understanding, synthesis and evaluation, providing you asks the right questions. They are relatively easy to set and mark for grading based on impressionistic marking is fast. However, it is essential to determine the marking lineation before you start marking and then share it with the students or better still, get them involved in drawing up the marking criteria/scheme and/or suggesting additional personal criteria.It is also worth having a formal student peer- criticism system on draf ts prior to submission. Case Studies These can range from simple vignettes illustrating issues in the practice of a discipline, through to complex sets of documentation which may require analysis and research. Solutions can range from short answer questions to complex plans or proposals. They have potential for measuring application of knowledge, analysis, problem-solving, evaluative skills and principles applicable to real-world situations. They can reach all the way up Blooms taxonomy to synthesis and evaluation levels.Short cases are relatively easy to design and mark. Marking for grading and feedback are about as fast as essay marking. They can bequeath useful information for formative purposes, including diagnosis of problems, because answering the questions or meeting the requirements is a great deal a multistage process. Cases are generally best used in conjunction with several other methods. They often overlap and move into simulations and they can also form the basis of p roject briefs, and lend themselves to collaborative learning. Projects These are good for all-round ability testing.There is the potential for sampling a wide range of practical, analytical and interpretative skills, as well as the wider application of knowledge, understanding and skills to real/simulated situations. They can provide a measure of project and time management. Group projects can provide a measure of teamwork skills and leadership. Motivation teamwork can be high. Learning gains can be high particularly if reflective learning is part of the criteria. They test methods and processes as well as end results. Projects allow students to contextualise ideas or material by applying them to practical instances.Educational assessment is reasoning from observations of what students do or make in a handful of particular circumstances, to what they know or can do more broadly. Practice has changed a great deal over the past century, in response to evolving conceptions of knowledg e and its acquisition, views of schooling and its purposes, and technologies for gathering and evaluating response data. Conceptions of what constitutes assessment data, how it should be interpreted, and what tolerant of inferences is to be drawn can differ radically under different psychological perspectives.We see greater continuity, however, when we distinguish the structure of assessment arguments from their substance. Developments here have been more in the nature of extensions, elaborations, and refinements, as they have been prompted by changes in culture and substance. Problems This method has the potential for measuring application, analysis and problem solving strategies. Marking for grading of easy problems is fast but marking of complex problems can be slow. Variation between markers is fairly low when based on model answers or marking schemes but you need to allow for creative, valid solutions by bright students.Student Peer Assessment This is an area which can develop students judgemental and evaluative skill and is helping them along the road to being critically reflective practitioners. But students need to be involved in criteria setting to some bound at least in terms of a discussion of the criteria and their appropriacy in terms of the learning outcomes. Computer based assessment Much talked about but still mostly of the MCQ and short-answer type which can mark and analyse results quickly.More recently this area has expanded to include mathematical problems and simulations. Reliability is high. Indeed, Crisp and colour Lister (2001) point out that on reviewing social work education literature there seems to be far less emphasis on assessment of classroom-based learning than of learning in field settings. David Boud, Enhancing learning through self assessment,1989 Routledge Falmer Crisp, B. R. Green Lister, P. (2001). Assessment methods in social work education A review of the literature. Social Work Education, 21(2), 259-270.